![]() īy June 1949, VÖEST developed an adaptation of Durrer's process, known as the LD (Linz-Donawitz) process. In the summer of 1948 Roll AG and two Austrian state-owned companies, VÖEST and ÖAMG, agreed to commercialize the Durrer process. The new process could conveniently process large amounts of scrap metal with only a small proportion of primary metal necessary. In 1947 he purchased the first small 2.5-ton experimental converter from the US, and on Apthe new converter produced its first steel. In 1943, Durrer, formerly a professor at the Berlin Institute of Technology, returned to Switzerland and accepted a seat on the board of Roll AG, the country's largest steel mill. During WWII German (Karl Valerian Schwarz), Belgian (John Miles) and Swiss (Durrer and Heinrich Heilbrugge) engineers proposed their versions of oxygen-blown steelmaking, but only Durrer and Heilbrugge brought it to mass-scale production. For nearly 100 years commercial quantities of oxygen were not available or were too expensive, and the invention remained unused. In 1856, Henry Bessemer had patented a steelmaking process involving oxygen blowing for decarbonizing molten iron (UK Patent No. It was developed and refined by a single man, Swiss engineer Robert Durrer, and commercialized by two small steel companies in allied-occupied Austria, which had not yet recovered from the destruction of World War II. The basic oxygen process developed outside of traditional "big steel" environment. Modern furnaces will take a charge of iron of up to 400 tons and convert it into steel in less than 40 minutes, compared to 10–12 hours in an open hearth furnace. In 2000, it accounted for 60% of global steel output. The majority of steel manufactured in the world is produced using the basic oxygen furnace. Between 19, labor requirements in the industry decreased by a factor of 1,000, from more than three man-hours per metric ton to just 0.003. It reduced capital cost of the plants and smelting time, and increased labor productivity. The LD converter, named after the Austrian towns Linz and Donawitz (a district of Leoben) is a refined version of the Bessemer converter where blowing of air is replaced with blowing oxygen. ![]() The process was invented in 1948 by Swiss engineer Robert Durrer and commercialized in 1952–1953 by the Austrian steelmaking company VOEST and ÖAMG. The process is known as basic because fluxes of burnt lime or dolomite, which are chemical bases, are added to promote the removal of impurities and protect the lining of the converter. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into low-carbon steel. Oxygen converter being charged at ThyssenKrupp steel mill in Duisburgīasic oxygen steelmaking ( BOS, BOP, BOF, or OSM), also known as Linz-Donawitz steelmaking or the oxygen converter process, is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbon-rich molten pig iron is made into steel. ![]()
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